Welcome to the Internet
· The Internet is a global network
of networks.
· People and organizations connect
into the Internet so they can access its massive store of shared information.
· The Internet is an inherently
participative medium. Anybody can publish information or create new services.
·
The
Internet is a cooperative endeavor -- no organization is in charge of
the net.
What is Internet?
·
Interconnection of computers and computer
networks using TCP/IP communication protocol
·
Transport Control Protocol/ Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP).
What is a protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules defining communication
between systems.
How Big is the Internet?
· As of Jan. 2000, there were over 72
million hosts on the Internet.
· About 48% of the people in the
United States and Canada have access to the Internet.
· About 5% of the world's population
has access to the Internet.
What is host on the Internet?
The term
"host" is used in several contexts, in each of which it has a
slightly different meaning:
In Internet
protocol specifications, the term "host" means any computer that has
full two-way access to other computers on the Internet. A host has a specific
"local or host number" that, together with the network number, forms
its unique IP
address. If you use Point-to-Point
Protocol
to get access to your access provider, you have a unique IP address for the
duration of any connection you make to the Internet and your computer is a host
for that period. In this context, a "host" is a node in a network.
For companies or individuals with a Web site, a
host is a computer with a Web server that serves the pages for
one or more Web sites. A host can also be the company that provides that
service, which is known as hosting.
How
Do I Connect to the Internet?
·
Computer
·
Connection - Phone Line, Cable, DSL, Wireless, ...
·
Modem
·
Network Software - TCP/IP
·
Intranet: Use of TCP/IP to connect computers
on an organizational LAN
·
TCP/IP is the basic Internet protocol
·
Internet: Use of TCP/IP to
interconnect such networks
·
Application Software - Web Browser, Email, ...
·
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
·
Various application protocols operate
over TCP/IP
·
SMTP (E-Mail), HTTP (Web), IRC (Chat),
FTP (File transfer), etc.
What Is TCP/IP?
·
TCP/IP is rules for information
exchange between computers over a network.
·
Packet’ based – segment/ de-segment
information.
·
Client-Server (Request/ Response) Web
browser (client), Website (Server).
·
TCP – Handles data part.
·
IP – Handles address part –
Identification of every computer on the Internet – IP address.
What Can I Do on the Internet?
·
Send and receive email messages.
·
Download
free software with FTP (File Transfer Protocol).
·
Post your opinion to a Usenet
newsgroup.
·
Yack it up on IRC (Internet Relay Chat).
·
Surf the World Wide Web.
·
And much, much more.
·
There is no charge for most services.
What
is the World Wide Web?
·
The
Web is a distributed information system.
·
The
Web contains multimedia.
·
Information
in the Web is connected by hyperlinks.
Serving
the Web
·
Web pages are stored in computers called web servers.
·
Any organization can setup a web server.
· A web site is a collection of
web pages.
· The starting point for a web site
sometimes is called a home page.
PC
Skills: Mouse Control
·
Do
not twist the mouse; make sure the tail points straight back.
·
Everything
we do will use mouse button once -- the one under your index finger.
·
Most everything will be a single click.
·
Do
not move the mouse while clicking. If you do, the computer will do something
dumb, like turn the words purple, instead of what you want.
PC
Skills: Scroll Bars
·
Click the button to scroll one line.
·
Click in the trough to scroll a screenful.
·
Press
and drag the slider to scroll continuously.
Hyperlinks
·
Hyperlinks
typically appear as highlighted (underlined and colored)
phrases.
·
Your
mouse cursor will turn to a "pointing finger" when you've
found a hyperlink.
·
Click once to follow a hyperlink.
·
Graphics can be hyperlinks.
You
Cannot Get Lost on the web
·
Your
browser remembers where you've been.
·
Use
the Back and Forward buttons to retrace your path.
·
Use
the Home button to return to your start page.
·
Power
Skill: Press and hold down on the Back
or Forward buttons to see the list of web pages you visited.
What
Is the URL, Earl?
·
The
uniform resource locator (URL) is the unique identifier of a web page.
·
The
location window displays the URL of the current page.
·
You
can go directly to a web page if you know its URL: click once in the
location window and type it in.
What
Is on the Web Page?
·
Some
sites use advertising to subsidize free content.
·
Most
large web sites have some navigation scheme to find information.
·
Links on the home page will bring you directly to feature content.
Web
Page Load Status
·
The logo animates during page load.
·
The
progress bar illustrates page load progress.
·
The status bar displays page load status.
Stop
and Reload
·
The Stop button stops page loading.
·
The Reload button fetches a fresh copy of the page.
·
If
the page is already loaded, the Stop button freezes the animations.
Bookmarks
·
A
bookmark marks your place on the Web.
·
Press
the Bookmark button for the bookmarks menu.
·
Select
"Add Bookmark" to create a bookmark for the current page.
·
Bookmarks stay on the computer where you make them.
Web
Security
·
Secure
web pages use encryption to protect from eavesdroppers.
·
Secure
web pages use https.
·
The
lock icon closes on a secure page.
·
The privacy policy should tell you what the recipient
will do with that information.
Internet History
1969:
The U.S. military wires six university supercomputers
1970s:
Smaller colleges link their computers to the backbone sites.
1980s:
Corporate research departments
link
to public network facilities.
1980:
Private commercial networks
and
global links bring the net everywhere.
Internet Services
·
E-Mail
– One-to-one
– One-to-many (e.g. discussion
forums)
·
Telnet – remote login
(e.g. library catalogue access)
·
FTP: File transfer
(e.g. software packages)
·
Web (HTTP): Hypertext
linking/navigation
·
IRC: Internet Relay
Chat
·
Internet telephony,
mobile access, etc.
World Wide Web (WWW)
·
“Killer
Application”
·
Hypertext
linking of multi-media documents
·
“Point
and Click”
·
Lingua-franca
of Web: HTML
·
Websites:
Host multimedia documents, linked using HTML (web pages)
·
Web
browsers: Access websites, “browse”
·
Medium for Publishing,
distributing, and accessing information UNIQUE!
Growth of the Web
· Web
is the totality of web pages stored on web servers
· Spectacular
growth in web-based information sources and services:
– Education and research
– Entertainment
– Business and commerce
– Personal home pages
·
Estimated to contain
several billion documents
·
Doubling each year
·
Over a billion web
sites
·
Almost every
telephone owner – Internet user
Types of Websites
·
Shopping sites
– www.amazon.com (book store)
– www.garden.com (gardening)
– www.paramountbooks.com (book store)
– www.shopperstop.com (clothes, etc.)
·
Community sites
– www.acs.org (American Chemical
Society)
– www.dailytimes.com
– www.gardencityinfo.com (Bangalore)
– www.nse-india.com (stock traders)
·
Entertainment sites
– disney.go.com (Walt Disney)
– www.starwars.com
– www.carnaticmusic.com
– www.indiatalkies.com
·
Identity sites
– www.ibm.com
– www.wipro.com
– www.lums.edu.pk
·
Learning sites
– www.digitalthink.com (web-based
training in IT)
– www.netskills.ac.uk (Internet
training)
– www.nationalgeographic.com
– www.bbc.co.uk
·
Information sites
– www.computers.com
– www.eb.com (Encyclopedia Britannica)
– www.thomasregister.com
·
Govt. websites (e-governance)
–WateenTelecom, PIA, Railways, KPTC, KEC,
WAPDA, etc.
Now
You are a Real Web Browser
That is everything
you need to know to browse the Web.
Now, an even bigger
challenge lies ahead:
Learning how to find
the information you want.
Finding
Information: Search Engines
1. Search Engines - A search engine is a database of resources that can
be searched by keywords.
– General
–
Meta search engines
–
Domain specific
Finding
Information: Web Directories
·
A web directory lists resources, organized by subject
area.
Finding Information
The
Web Adventure Begins
Be sure to practice
your new skills
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